LINUX 硬件寿命检测实现方法

一、查看cpulscpu命令，查看的是cpu的统计信息.blue@blue-pc:~】# lscpuArchitecture:          i686          #cpu架构CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bitByte Order:            Little Endian   #小尾序CPU(s):                4            #总共有4核On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3Thread(s) per core:    1              #每个cpu核，只能支持一个线程，即不支持超线程Core(s) per socket:    4               #每个cpu，有4个核Socket(s):             1              #总共有1一个cpuVendor ID:             GenuineIntel    #cpu产商 intelCPU family:            6Model:                 42Stepping:              7CPU MHz:               1600.000BogoMIPS:              5986.12Virtualization:        VT-x             #支持cpu虚拟化技术L1d cache:             32KL1i cache:             32KL2 cache:              256KL3 cache:              6144K查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息，如每个CPU的型号，主频等。#cat /proc/cpuinfoprocessor    : 0vendor_id    : GenuineIntelcpu family    : 6model        : 42model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz.....上面输出的是个cpu部分信息，还有3个cpu信息省略了。

二、查看内存情况free -mtotal       used       free     shared    buffers     cachedMem:          3926       3651        274          0         12        404-/+ buffers/cache:       3235        691Swap:         9536         31       9505这里的单位是MB，总共的内存是3926MB。查看内存详细使用# cat /proc/meminfoMemTotal:        4020868 kBMemFree:          230884 kBBuffers:            7600 kBCached:           454772 kBSwapCached:          836 kB.....

三、查看内存硬件信息dmidecode -t memory# dmidecode 2.11SMBIOS 2.7 present.Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytesPhysical Memory ArrayLocation: System Board Or Motherboard....Maximum Capacity: 32 GB....Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes....Memory DeviceArray Handle: 0x0008Error Information Handle: Not ProvidedTotal Width: 64 bitsData Width: 64 bitsSize: 4096 MB.....我的主板有4个槽位，只用了一个槽位，上面插了一条4096MB的内存。

四、查看硬盘和分区分布# lsblkNAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk├—sda1   8:1    0     1G  0 part /boot├—sda2   8:2    0   9.3G  0 part [SWAP]├—sda3   8:3    0  74.5G  0 part /├—sda4   8:4    0     1K  0 part├—sda5   8:5    0 111.8G  0 part /home└—sda6   8:6    0 269.2G  0 part

五、如果要看硬盘和分区的详细信息# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 5 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0xDevice Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1   *        2048     2148351     1073152   83  Linux/dev/sda2         2148352    21680127     9765888   82  Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3        21680128   177930239    78125056   83  Linux/dev/sda4       177932286   976771071   399419393    5  Extended/dev/sda5       177932288   412305407   117186560   83  Linux/dev/sda6       412307456   976771071   282231808   83  Linux

六、查看网卡硬件信息# lspci | grep -i 'eth'02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)

七、查看系统的所有网络接口# ifconfig -aeth0      Link encap:以太网  硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f.....lo        Link encap:本地环回.....或者是ip link show1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWNlink/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:002: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标# ethtool eth0Settings for eth0:Supported ports: [ TP MII ]Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半双工，全双工模式Supported pause frame use: NoSupports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自适应模式，一般都支持Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/FullAdvertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-onlyAdvertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默认使用自适应模式Link partner advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full.....Speed: 100Mb/s #现在网卡的速度是100Mb,网卡使用自适应模式，所以推测路由是100Mb，导致网卡从支  持千兆，变成要支持百兆Duplex: Full   #全双工.....Link detected: yes    #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的

八、查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。Lspci00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #显卡00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #声卡00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4)00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4)00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04)00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04)00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #网卡03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)如果要更详细的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv如果要看设备树:lscpi –t

九、查看bios信息# dmidecode -t bios......BIOS InformationVendor: American Megatrends Inc.Version: 4.6.5Release Date: 04/25/2012.......BIOS Revision: 4.6......dmidecode以一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到当前的配置，也可以得到系统支持的配置，比如说支持的内存数等。

十、如果要查看所有有用信息dmidecode –q以上是linux查看硬件信息的所有命令，可以查看CPU、硬盘、网卡、磁盘等硬件的信息。