创建根证书密钥文件：openssl genrsa -des3 -out root.key输出内容为：[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out root.key Generating RSA private key, 512 bit long modulus ……………..++++++++++++ ..++++++++++++ e is 65537 (0×10001) Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 输入一个新密码 Verifying – Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 重新输入一遍密码
创建根证书的申请文件root.csr：openssl req -new -key root.key -out root.csr输出内容为：[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl req -new -key root.key -out root.csr Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 输入前面创建的密码 You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank. —– Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN ← 国家代号，中国输入CN State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:BeiJing ← 省的全名，拼音 Locality Name (eg, city) []:BeiJing ← 市的全名，拼音 Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MyCompany Corp. ← 公司英文名 Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: ← 可以不输入 Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []: ← 此时不输入 Email Address []:admin@mycompany.com ← 电子邮箱，可随意填Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: ← 可以不输入 An optional company name []: ← 可以不输入
创建一个自当前日期起为期一年的根证书root.crt：openssl x509 -req -days 365 -sha1 -extensions v3_ca -signkey root.key -in root.req -out root.crt输出内容为：[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -sha1 -extensions v3_ca -signkey root.key -in root.csr -out root.crt Signature ok subject=/C=CN/ST=BeiJing/L=BeiJing/O=MyCompany Corp./emailAddress=admin@mycompany.com Getting Private key Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 输入前面创建的密码
创建服务器证书密钥server.key：openssl genrsa –des3 -out server.key 2048输出内容为：[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048 Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ….+++ …………………………………………..+++ e is 65537 (0×10001)运行时会提示输入密码,此密码用于加密key文件(参数des3便是指加密算法,当然也可以选用其他你认为安全的算法.),以后每当需读取此文件(通过openssl提供的命令或API)都需输入口令.如果觉得不方便,也可以去除这个口令,但一定要采取其他的保护措施! 去除key文件口令的命令: openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key
创建服务器证书的申请文件server.csr：openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr输出内容为：[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.req You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank. —– Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN ← 国家名称，中国输入CN State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:BeiJing ← 省名，拼音 Locality Name (eg, city) []:BeiJing ← 市名，拼音 Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MyCompany Corp. ← 公司英文名 Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: ← 可以不输入 Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:www.mycompany.com ← 服务器主机名，若填写不正确，浏览器会报告证书无效，但并不影响使用 Email Address []:admin@mycompany.com ← 电子邮箱，可随便填Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: ← 可以不输入 An optional company name []: ← 可以不输入
创建自当前日期起有效期为期两年的服务器证书server.crt：openssl x509 -req -days 730 -sha1 -extensions v3_req -CA root.crt -CAkey root.key -CAserial root.srl -CAcreateserial -in server.csr -out server.crt输出内容为：[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl x509 -req -days 730 -sha1 -extensions v3_req -CA root.crt -CAkey root.key -CAcreateserial -in server.csr -out server.crt Signature ok subject=/C=CN/ST=BeiJing/L=BeiJing/O=MyCompany Corp./CN=www.mycompany.com/emailAddress=admin@mycompany.com Getting CA Private Key Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 输入前面创建的密码
创建客户端证书密钥文件client.key：openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 2048输出内容为：[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 2048 Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ……………………………………………………………………………..+++ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….+++ e is 65537 (0×10001) Enter pass phrase for client.key: ← 输入一个新密码 Verifying – Enter pass phrase for client.key: ← 重新输入一遍密码
创建客户端证书的申请文件client.csr：openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr输出内容为：[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr Enter pass phrase for client.key: ← 输入上一步中创建的密码 You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank. —– Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN ← 国家名称，中国输入CN State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:BeiJing ← 省名称，拼音 Locality Name (eg, city) []:BeiJing ← 市名称，拼音 Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MyCompany Corp. ← 公司英文名 Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: ← 可以不填 Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:Lenin ← 自己的英文名，可以随便填 Email Address []:admin@mycompany.com ← 电子邮箱，可以随便填Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: ← 可以不填 An optional company name []: ← 可以不填
创建一个自当前日期起有效期为两年的客户端证书client.crt：openssl x509 -req -days 730 -sha1 -extensions v3_req -CA root.crt -CAkey root.key -CAserial root.srl -CAcreateserial -in client.csr -out client.crt输出内容为：[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl x509 -req -days 730 -sha1 -extensions v3_req -CA root.crt -CAkey root.key -CAcreateserial -in client.csr -out client.crt Signature ok subject=/C=CN/ST=BeiJing/L=BeiJing/O=MyCompany Corp./CN=www.mycompany.com/emailAddress=admin@mycompany.com Getting CA Private Key Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 输入上面创建的密码
将客户端证书文件client.crt和客户端证书密钥文件client.key合并成客户端证书安装包client.pfx：openssl pkcs12 -export -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.pfx输出内容为：[lenin@archer ~]$ openssl pkcs12 -export -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.pfx Enter pass phrase for client.key: ← 输入上面创建的密码 Enter Export Password: ← 输入一个新的密码，用作客户端证书的保护密码，在客户端安装证书时需要输入此密码 Verifying – Enter Export Password: ← 确认密码
保存生成的文件备用，其中server.crt和server.key是配置单向SSL时需要使用的证书文件，client.crt是配置双向SSL时需要使用的证书文件，client.pfx是配置双向SSL时需要客户端安装的证书文件.crt文件和.key可以合到一个文件里面，把2个文件合成了一个.pem文件（直接拷贝过去就行了）
以上就是申请SSL证书生成方法步骤，对于免费或者DV SSL证书来说，安装步骤都比较简单。但是对于OV SSL和EV SSL证书安装都比较复杂，而且资料审核都比较严，如果对这方面不懂的话建议找专业的人士帮忙安装。