下面举两个具体的例子进行讲解。(以下的例子是提取了TPO中段落里的定位句和之前一句话。) In the angiosperm the seeds are wrapped in an additional layer of covering. Some of these coats are hard–like the shell of a nut–for extra protection. Some are soft and tempting, like a peach or a cherry. Why does the author mention “a nut”, “a peach”, and “a cherry”? To indicate that some seeds are less likely to survive than others To point out that many angiosperms can be eaten To provide examples of blooming plants To illustrate the variety of coverings among angiosperm seeds
托福阅读试题解析： (1) 简单观察一下定位句，发现句中直接出现了like这一表示举例的逻辑词，所以提到nut，peach，cherry一定是为了说明前文提到的某种观点。 (2) 通过对定位句的句意，我们知道nut是硬外壳的例子，peach和cherry是软外壳的例子。 (3) 再结合一下上一句话，注意这里定位句中出现了指代词these，是对前文的指代，也提示我们要关注上一句话。这句话说：在被子植物中，种子是被一层外壳包裹着的。 (4) 结合两句话，分析可得作者提到nut，peach，cherry是为了说明被子植物的种子的外壳有些是硬的，有些是软的。对应的答案就是D。其中的the variety of是对硬壳和软壳的一个概括。 These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable animals include a large swimming predator called Anomalocaris and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus or algae. Why does the author mention “Anomalocans” and “Wiwaxia”? To contrast predators with animals that eat plants such as algae To question the effects of rapid mud slides on fossilization To suggest that much is still unknown about animals found in the Burgess Shale To provide examples of fossils that cannot be assigned to a modern animal group
上面介绍了举例子在托福阅读文章中的重要性，大家以后在做托福阅读试题时少不了这些方法，希望能帮助到大家的托福阅读。