英语：冠词的用法

一 . 冠词的用法 冠词是虚词,放在名词之前,用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。 a(an) 叫不定冠词, the 叫定冠词。 a 用在辅音之前, an 用在元音之前。1. 不定冠词的用法(1) a 和 an 均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如:John is a student. Mary is an English teacher.(2) 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如 :A steel worker makes steel.Pass me an apple, please.(3) 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或和物。例如:A student wants to see you.A girl is waiting for you outside.(4) 表示 “ 每一 ” 的意思,相当于 every 。例如:Take the medicine three times a day.They go to see their parents once a week.2. 定冠词用法(1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:The book on the desk is an English dictionary.Beijing is the capital of China .(2) 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:Open the door, please.Jack is in the library.(3) 上文提到过的人或事物。例如:Yesterday John's father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如:Shanghai is the biggest city in China .January is the first month of the year.(6) 用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如:The nurse is kind to the sick.We should take good care of the old.(7) 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如:the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air 等。(8) 用在姓氏复数之前,表示 “ 某某一家人 ” , “ 某某夫妇 ” 。例如:the Browns, the whites 等。3. 不用冠词的情况(1) 某些专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如:China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love 等。(2) 名词前已有作定语用的 this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every 等代词时,不用冠词。例如:That is my cap.I have some questions.Go down this street.(3) 复数名词表示一类人或事物时,不用冠词。They are workers.We are students.(4) 称呼语前不用冠词,表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如:I don't feel well today, Mother.Bush was made president of the U.S.(5) 三餐饭的名称前,球类活动,学科和节目名词前,常不用冠词。例如:I have lunch at home.He often plays football after class.We have English and maths every day.(6) 在某些固定词组里,名词之前常不用冠词。例如:By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。