英语语法完全倒装的四种类型

一、here类当表示地点的here和 there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。如:Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。这类倒装句的主语只能是名词,若主语为代词,则不能倒装。如:Here it comes. 它来了。二、away类副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时,其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如:Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了,史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑起来了。这类倒装句的主语也只能是名词,若主语为代词,则不用倒装。如:Away he went. 他跑远了。Down it came. 它掉了下来。三、状语或表语类为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如:Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较:In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。四、非谓语动词类有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装。如:Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。