综合写作核心要求

一、综合写作核心要求托福综合写作的核心要求在于对比听力材料和写作材料的不同之处。阅读材料和听力材料的结构基本一致,都是第一段给出各自主要观点,随后分三段给出支撑各自观点的三个具体原因。阅读材料和听力材料的主要观点都是对立的,而且各自细节也是针尖对锋芒,比如阅读材料如果说参加电视节目对教授有益,听力材料则会指出参加电视节目其实对教授是有害处的。同学们在对比听力和写作材料的不同之处时,首先要充分理解阅读和听力材料的三个具体原因。在此基础之上,考生可先叙述支撑阅读观点的理由之一,比如我们刚才所说的“参加电视节目对教授有益”,随后考生应该指出听力材料则认为“参加电视节目其实对教授是有害处的”,这样在写两个材料不同之处的时候才不会显得过于空泛。进一步说,阅读材料和听力材料在说明某一个具体原因时,都会花两三句话论证这个原因是成立的。如果考生希望拿到一个尽可能高的综合写作分数,对比两个材料时,不仅要写出各自材料的三个原因,还要复述每个原因的论证过程。值得指出的是,托福综合写作中关于阅读材料和听力材料各自写作比例问题并没有统一答案,各写一半或者多描述听力部分、少描述阅读部分,这两种情况都有考生取得评分标准“Good”的好成绩。与高老师合作的托福考官建议同学们在回答综合写作问题时,还是应该用至少一句话概括阅读部分的主要观点,并补充一个细节。最后,高老师建议综合写作的合理字数在200-250字之间,而不应写的过长。一方面写的过长会导致你无法在规定时间内写完全文(你需要花不少于4分钟时间检查错误),还会显得比较啰嗦。高老师将以一道综合写作例题为例,对其阅读材料和听力材料进行分析,分析各自材料的三个原因和每个原因的论证过程。题目:Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they oppose specific points made in the reading passage.(TOEFL Official Guide 4th Test 2)1. 阅读文本分析Professors are normally found in university classrooms, offices, and libraries doing research and lecturing to their students. More and more, however, they also appear as guests on television news programs, giving expert commentary on the latest events in the world. These television appearances are of great benefit to the professors themselves as well as to their universities and the general public.分析:第一段是给出观点,教授往往都是出现在教室、图书馆教课,但现在更多出现在电视上,对时事发表评论,这对教授本人,供职大学和公众都有好处。Professors benefit from appearing on television because by doing so they acquire reputations as authorities in their academic fields among a much wider audience than they have on campus. If a professor publishes views in an academic journal, only other scholars will learn about and appreciate those views. But when a professor appears on TV, thousands of people outside the narrow academic community become aware of the professor's ideas. So when professors share their ideas with a television audience, the professors' importance as scholars is enhanced.分析:主题句,在电视上出现教授本人可以受益。论证过程,在电视上出现他们可以获取名声,如果只是写文章,其理论只会被其他学者了解,但出现在电视上则可以被更多的人了解。Universities also benefit from such appearances. The universities receive positive publicity when their professors appear on TV. When people see a knowledgeable faculty member of a university on television, they think more highly of that university. That then leads to an improved reputation for the university. And that improved reputation in turn leads to more donations for the university and more applications from potential students.分析:主题句,所供职的大学也会受益。论证过程,大学会收到正面宣传,人们看到知识渊博的教授谈论时事时,也会高看大学,这会增加大学声望,还能进一步提升捐赠。Finally, the public gains from professors' appearing on television. Most television viewers normally have no contact with university professors. When professors appear on television, viewers have a chance to learn from experts and to be exposed to views they might otherwise never hear about. Television is generally a medium for commentary that tends to be superficial, not deep or thoughtful. From professors on television, by contrast, viewers get a taste of real expertise and insight.分析:主题句,最后公众也会受益。论证过程,平常大家接触不到教授,他们的理论不被人知道。当教授在电视上发表他们的理论时,公众们能真正了解到有洞见的见解。2. 听力文本分析Lately, we've been seeing some professors on television. Though it's so metimes claimed to be a good thing, we should question whether anybody really benefits from it.分析:第一段给出观点,现在有些教授出现在电视上,看似好事,但是真的会有人从此受益吗(质疑阅读材料观点)?First of all, it's not good for the professors themselves—not from a professional standpoint. Rightly or wrongly, a professor who appears onTV tends to get the reputation among fellow professors of being someone who is not a serious scholar— someone who chooses to entertain rather than to educate. And for that reason, TV professors may not be invited to important conferences—important meetings to discuss their academic work. They may even have difficulty getting money to do research. So for professors, being a TV celebrity has important disadvantages.分析:主题句,从职业角度对教授并无好处(和阅读中间段1原因对立)。论证过程,在电视上出现的学者并不严肃,让人感觉他们选择了娱乐而非教育。后果可能是不会被邀请去参加学术会议,丧失研究机会。A second point is that being on TV can take a lot of a professor's time—not just the time on TV but also time figuring out what to present and time spent rehearsing, travel time, even time getting made up to look good for the cameras. And all this time comes out of the time the professor can spend doing research, meeting with students, and attending to university business. So you can certainly see there are problems for the university and its students when professors are in the TV studio and not on campus.分析:主题句,在电视上出现还浪费教授很多时间,结论(最后一句),对大学和大学的学生也没有好处(和阅读中间段2原因对立)。论证过程,他们要花很多时间排练,准备上镜,这导致他们没有时间做研究和参加大学活动。So who does benefit? The public? That's not so clear either. Look, professors do have a lot of knowledge to offer, but TV networks don't want really serious in-depth academic lectures for after-dinner viewing. What the networks want is the academic title, not the intellectual substance. The material that professors usually present on TV—such as background on current events, or some brief historical introduction to a new movie version of a great literary work—this material is not much different from what viewers would get from a TV reporter who had done a little homework.分析:主题句,公众同样不会受益(和阅读中间段3原因对立)。论证过程,电视台对严肃内容并不感兴趣,他们只是想要一个学术的幌子,而非实质内容。教授能在电视上讲授的内容和一个认真的新闻工作者能制作出的内容并无不同。