MYSQL版本介绍MySQL Enterprise Edition (commercial) 商业企业版MySQL Cluster CGE (commercial) 商业集群MySQL Community Edition (GPL) GPL社区版本（免费） 可供下载
MYSQL对操作系统要求从图片可以看到MYSQL 5.6 可以安装在rhel 6.4 上
MYSQL source 安装系统所需包CMake 用来创建结构gcc* GNU编译器Perl 运行测试脚本[root@mysql5 lib64]# mount -o loop rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso iso/[root@mysql5 lib64]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda3 47G 6.7G 38G 16% /tmpfs 940M 72K 940M 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 194M 32M 153M 18% /boot/zxx_software/rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /zxx_software/iso[root@mysql5 Packages]# rpm -qa | grep cmake 检查包是否安装[root@mysql5 Packages]# ll | grep cmake-r--r--r--. 67 root root 5356828 Aug 17 2010 cmake-2.6.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm[root@mysql5 Packages]# rpm -Uvh cmake-2.6.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpmwarning: cmake-2.6.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEYPreparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:cmake ########################################### [100%]gcc 涉及的关联包较多，采用yum安装如何配置yum源参考我的经验：http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/59a015e340de67f7948865bc.html以下是所需包：gcc* gcc-c++* autoconf* automake* zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel* libtool *
官网安装步骤（用来参考）如果下载的是rpm 源码包，安装命令：shell> rpmbuild --rebuild --clean MySQL-VERSION.src.rpm如果下载的是tar源码包，使用以下命令：# Preconfiguration setupshell> groupadd mysql shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql # Beginning of source-build specific instructionsshell> tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gzshell> cd mysql-VERSION 进入解压目录shell> cmake . shell> makeshell> make install# End of source-build specific instructions# Postinstallation setupshell> cd /usr/local/mysqlshell> chown -R mysql .shell> chgrp -R mysql .shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysqlshell> chown -R root .shell> chown -R mysql datashell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &# Next command is optionalshell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server注意： 以下可以查看MYSQL编译环境shell> cd mysql-VERSION 进入解 压目录shell> cmake . -L # overviewshell> cmake . -LH # overview with help textshell> cmake . -LAH # all params with help textshell> ccmake . # interactive display
MYSQL安装1：创建用户[root@mysql5 zxx_software]# useradd -r -g mysql -m mysql[root@mysql5 zxx_software]# id mysqluid=496(mysql) gid=500(mysql) groups=500(mysql)2：创建目录[root@mysql5 zxx_software]# mkdir -p /u01/mysql5.6.22/data[root@mysql5 zxx_software]# chown -R mysql:mysql /u01/[mysql@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]$ mkdir etc 配置文件[mysql@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]$ mkdir sock socket文件/u01/mysql5.6.22/ 为MYSQL安装目录/u01/mysql5.6.22/data 为MYSQL数据文件目录3：解压MYSQL并CMAKE [root@mysql5 zxx_software]# lltotal 3665504dr-xr-xr-x. 12 root root 8192 Jan 31 2013 iso-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 33115516 Jan 13 04:02 mysql-5.6.22.tar.gz-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3720347648 Jan 13 03:34 rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso[root@mysql5 zxx_software]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.22.tar.gz[root@mysql5 zxx_software]# lltotal 3665508dr-xr-xr-x. 12 root root 8192 Jan 31 2013 isodrwxr-xr-x. 33 7161 wheel 4096 Nov 21 13:40 mysql-5.6.22-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 33115516 Jan 13 04:02 mysql-5.6.22.tar.gz-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3720347648 Jan 13 03:34 rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso[root@mysql5 zxx_software]# cd mysql-5.6.22 进入解压目录[root@mysql5 mysql-5.6.22]# pwd/zxx_software/mysql-5.6.22在解压目录下执行：cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/u01/mysql5.6.22 \-DSYSCONFDIR=/u01/mysql5.6.22/etc \-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/u01/mysql5.6.22/data \-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/u01/mysql5.6.22/sock/mysqld.sock \-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \-DWITH_SSL=system \-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1如果cmake失败，可能是没有安装gcc-c++包，失败后直接删除（在解压目录下）：[root@mysql5 mysql-5.6.22]# rm CMakeCache.txt删除之后安装gcc-c++包，重新cmake4：编译[root@mysql5 mysql-5.6.22]# make注意：如果编译失败，如下：[ 59%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/mysqld.cc.o/zxx_software/mysql-5.6.22/sql/mysqld.cc: In function ?.oid handle_connections_sockets()?./zxx_software/mysql-5.6.22/sql/mysqld.cc:6322: error: invalid conversion from ?.ize_socket*?.to ?.ocklen_t*?/zxx_software/mysql-5.6.22/sql/mysqld.cc:6322: error: initializing argument 6 of ?.YSQL_SOCKET inline_mysql_socket_accept(const char*, uint, PSI_socket_key, MYSQL_SOCKET, sockaddr*, socklen_t*)?make[2]: *** [sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/mysqld.cc.o] Error 1make[1]: *** [sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/all] Error 2make: *** [all] Error 2需要执行以下步骤：1)：清除之前cmake和编译[root@mysql5 mysql-5.6.22]# make clean[root@mysql5 mysql-5.6.22]# rm CMakeCache.txt2)：删除系统自带MYSQL安装软件[root@mysql5 Packages]# rpm -qa | grep mysqlmysql-devel-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64mysql-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64[root@mysql5 Packages]# rpm -e --nodeps --allmatches mysql [root@mysql5 Packages]# rpm -qa | grep mysqlmysql-devel-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64rpm -e --nodeps --allmatches mysql 表示：删除mysql client和server包但不删除他们所关联的包3)：重新cmake和make5：安装[root@mysql5 mysql-5.6.22]# make install安装成功之后查看参数[root@mysql5 mysql-5.6.22]# cmake . -L-- Running cmake version 2.6.4-- MySQL 5.6.22-- Packaging as: mysql-5.6.22-Linux-x86_64-- HAVE_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN-- OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR = /usr/include-- OPENSSL_LIBRARY = /usr/lib64/libssl.so-- CRYPTO_LIBRARY = /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so-- OPENSSL_MAJOR_VERSION = 1-- SSL_LIBRARIES = /usr/lib64/libssl.so;/usr/lib64/libcrypto.so;dl-- Using cmake version 2.6.4
MYSQL安装后设置 在类UNIX系统中安装MYSQL后，必须初始化授权表、启动服务并确认服务工作正常，设置开机服务自启动，关机服务自关闭，对授权表分配密码给账户在类UNIX系统中，授权表设置使用mysql_install_db程序，有一些安装方法已经自动运行该程序： rpm 安装方式自动运行 原生包安装在Debian Linux, Ubuntu Linux, Gentoo Linux上，建议运行mysql_install_db（以上安装就是） OS X 使用DMG版本自动运行mysql_install_db 其他平台的安装方式，包括二进制和源码安装，建议运行mysql_install_dbshell> cd BASEDIR 切换到安装目录目录下有两个重要bin（需要配置路径）和scripts（mysql_install_db所在）1：权限设置如果是使用mysql用户安装不需要进行权限操作，如果是root用户安装进入mysql安装目录：shell> chown -R mysql .shell> chgrp -R mysql .2：执行mysql_install_db如果是root用户执行，必须加上--user参数shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql如果需要改变目录：shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql \ --basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql \ --datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql/data3：建议安装目录为root权限，data目录为mysqlshell> chown -R root .shell> chown -R mysql data4：如果使用插件的话SELECT ... INTO DUMPFILE 使用插件plugin_dir 或者在启动文件中使用--secure-file-priv5：如果你想从 support-files 复制一份标准配置，需要复制到 /etc/my.cnf, or /etc/mysql/my.cnf 进行相关编辑，如果不进行复制，mysql会使用默认配置，如果想配置开机自启动，需要将you can copy support-files/mysql.server to the location where your system has its startup files6：启动MYSQL 服务shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &If the command fails immediately and prints mysqld ended, look for information in the error log (which by default is the host_name.err file in the data directory).If you neglected to create the grant tables by running mysql_install_db before proceeding to this step, the following message appears in the error log file when you start the server:mysqld: Can't find file: 'host.frm'This error also occurs if you run mysql_install_db as root without the --user option. Remove the datadirectory and run mysql_install_db with the --user option as described previously.7：使用mysqladmin确认mysql是否在运行[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# bin/mysqladmin version8：关闭mysql服务shell> bin/mysqladmin -u root shutdown9：为了确定MYSQL服务能够再次启动，再次执行shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &10：验证能够查询到服务信息[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# bin/mysqlshow+--------------------+| Databases |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || test |+--------------------+11：MYSQL 标准套件sql-bench you can use to compare how MySQL performs on different platforms.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------以上是官网建议make install后步骤，下面是我的步骤：[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# cd /u01/mysql5.6.22 切换到MYSQL安装目录[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# chown -R mysql .[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# chgrp -R mysql .[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# chown -R root .[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# chown -R mysql data[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &[1] 19332[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# 150126 06:09:58 mysqld_safe Logging to '/u01/mysql5.6.22/data/mysql5.6.err'.150126 06:09:58 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /u01/mysql5.6.22/data [root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# jobs[1]+ Running bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# ps -ef | grep mysqld 查看是否启动root 19332 2357 0 06:09 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysqlmysql 19422 19332 0 06:09 pts/1 00:00:00 /u01/mysql5.6.22/bin/mysqld --basedir=/u01/mysql5.6.22 --datadir=/u01/mysql5.6.22/data --plugin-dir=/u01/mysql5.6.22/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/u01/mysql5.6.22/data/mysql5.6.err --pid-file=/u01/mysql5.6.22/data/mysql5.6.pidroot 19474 2357 0 06:17 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mysqld
设置MYSQL自动关闭和开启mysqld服务启动方式1：调用bin/mysqld 适用任何平台2：调用bin/mysqld_safe 适用于UNIX或者Linux3：调用bin/mysql.server. 主要用于系统启动关闭时(/etc/init.d ), where it usually is installed under the name mysql. mysql.server 启动MYSQL还是通过调用 bin/mysqld_safe 手动启动和关闭MYSQL服务语句：shell> mysql.server startshell> mysql.server stop关闭也可以调用：mysqladmin shutdown.如果需要配置MYSQL自动启动和关闭，需要添加上面启动和关闭命令语句到/etc/rc*如果MYSQL通过rpm安装，mysql.server脚本在/etc/init.d,If you install MySQL from a source distribution or using a binary distribution format that does not installmysql.server automatically, mysql.server脚本在support-files shell> cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqlshell> chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqlshell> cd /etcshell> ln -s rc.d/init.d .因为旧的rhel使用/etc/rc.d/init.d比/etc/init.d更多，需要创建link ,/etc/init.d 指向/etc/rc.d/init.d:shell> chkconfig --add mysqlshell> chkconfig --level 345 mysql on-----------------------------------------------------------------以下是我的操作：[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# support-files/mysql.server stop 关闭MYSQL[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# support-files/mysql.server start 启动MYSQL[root@mysql5 etc]# ll | grep init.dlrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Jan 12 07:00 init.d -> rc.d/init.d link已经存在[root@mysql5 etc]# cp /u01/mysql5.6.22/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql 复制[root@mysql5 etc]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql[root@mysql5 etc]# chkconfig --add mysql[root@mysql5 etc]# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
启动报错查看shell> tail host_name.errshell> tail host_name.log
MYSQL用户管理执行完mysql_install_db之后，mysql可以通过root登录和匿名登录[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# bin/mysql -u root root登录[root@mysql5 mysql5.6.22]# bin/mysql 匿名登录mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;+------+-----------+----------+| user | host | password |+------+-----------+----------+| root | localhost | || root | mysql5.6 | || root | 127.0.0.1 | || root | ::1 | || | localhost | || | mysql5.6 | |+------+-----------+----------+（1）设置root密码三种方式1：SET PASSWORD2：UPDATE3：mysqladmin1：SET PASSWORD shell> mysql -u rootmysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpwd');mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'127.0.0.1' = PASSWORD('newpwd');mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'::1' = PASSWORD('newpwd');mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'host_name' = PASSWORD('newpwd');2：UPDATE shell> mysql -u rootmysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpwd') -> WHERE User = 'root';mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 3：mysqladminshell> mysqladmin -u root password 'newpwd'shell> mysqladmin -u root -h host_name password 'newpwd'2：匿名账号设置密码shell> mysql -u root -pEnter password: (enter root password here)mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR ''@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpwd');mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR ''@'host_name' = PASSWORD('newpwd');或者shell> mysql -u root -pEnter password: (enter root password here)mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpwd') -> WHERE User = '';mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 删除匿名账号：shell> mysql -u root -pEnter password: (enter root password here)mysql> DROP USER ''@'localhost';mysql> DROP USER ''@'host_name';3：test库操作 If you want to remove any-user access to test databasesshell> mysql -u root -pEnter password: (enter root password here)mysql> DELETE FROM mysql.db WHERE Db LIKE 'test%';mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; if you do not want the database to exist at all, drop itmysql> DROP DATABASE test;